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TBI and Nutrition


 
 

A healthy body starts with proper nutrition. Some tips for a healthier diet include the following:

  • Choose water over drinks packed with sugar such as soda

    • They can be high in calories which can add up quickly

  • Monitor your sodium intake

    • Too much sodium can raise blood pressure

  • Cook more foods at home

    • Takeout foods should be eaten in moderation because they are high in fat, calories, sugar, and sodium

  • Eat more whole foods instead of highly processed foods

    • Whole foods are typically located on the outside aisles at the grocery store and include foods like fruits and vegetables

  • Carbs are an important part of the diet so when eating them it is best to choose whole grains

    • Carbs are crucial because they are a main energy source in our body and our brain alone needs at least 130 grams of glucose every day

  • Refined grains are better avoided

  • Choose healthy fats

    • Avocado oil or extra virgin olive oil are good examples

  • Eat plenty of vegetables and fruits because they are high in nutrients

  • Eat slower and chew more

    • This allows food to be digested easier

 

Currently, there is not an approved drug for the treatment of a patient with a TBI but there has been promise for including dietary supplements in a treatment plan.

Nutrients that could be beneficial to people with TBI:

Note: It is recommended to always check with your doctor and dietitian before beginning to take any new supplements and making changes to your diet. A dietitian can help patients that are experiencing trouble eating or swallowing to ensure they are still getting enough nutrients.

While a healthy diet will not cure a brain injury, it can assist the body in recovery.


Omega-3

- It is an important component to maintain a healthy and functioning brain. After a TBI, it is common for there to be inflammation and omega-3’s can help to decrease it.

-It has been shown that without sufficient omega-3, recovery is impaired (Desai, Kevala, & Kim, 2014). In a study with rats, they were given an omega-3 supplement for 4 weeks prior to a TBI. The results showed that with omega-3, the brain can be protected from a reduction in plasticity and learning abilities (Wu, Ying, & Gomez-Pinilla, 2004). More research needs to be conducted if supplementation after injury is also beneficial.

-Foods high in omega 3 include many fish such as mackerel, salmon, and herring. For those with a vegan diet, flax-seed oil is a good alternative.

Vitamin E

Vitamin D

Nicotinamide

Zinc

Magnesium


 

For further knowledge, this video on nutritional support for people with TBI is a great one to take a look at!


 

References:

Aminmansour, B., Nikbakht, H., Ghorbani, A., Rezvani, M., Rahmani, P., Torkashvand, M., . . .

Moradi, M. (2012). Comparison of the administration of progesterone versus progesterone and vitamin D in improvement of outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury: A randomized clinical trial with placebo group. Advanced Biomedical Research, 1(1), 58. doi:10.4103/2277-9175.100176

Cope, E. C., Morris, D. R., Scrimgeour, A. G., VanLandingham, J. W., & Levenson, C. W.

(2011). Zinc supplementation provides behavioral resiliency in a rat model of traumatic brain injury. Physiology & Behavior, 104(5), 942-947. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.06.007

Desai, A., Kevala, K., & Kim, H. (2014). Depletion of brain docosahexaenoic acid impairs recovery from traumatic brain injury. PloS One, 9(1), e86472. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086472

Lee, J. M., Jeong, S. W., Kim, M. Y., Park, J. B., & Kim, M. S. (2019). The effect of vitamin D

supplementation in patients with acute traumatic brain injury. World Neurosurgery, 126, e1421-e1426. doi:https://doi-org.ezproxy.library.unlv.edu/10.1016/j.wneu.2019.02.244

Peterson, T. C., Hoane, M. R., McConomy, K. S., Farin, F. M., Bammler, T. K., MacDonald, J.

W., . . . Anderson, G. D. (2015). A combination therapy of nicotinamide and progesterone improves functional recovery following traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma, 32(11), 765-779. doi:10.1089/neu.2014.3530

Sen, A. P., & Gulati, A. (2010). Use of magnesium in traumatic brain injury. Neurotherapeutics,

7(1), 91-99. doi:10.1016/j.nurt.2009.10.014

Vonder Haar, C., Anderson, G. D., & Hoane, M. R. (2011). Continuous nicotinamide

administration improves behavioral recovery and reduces lesion size following bilateral frontal controlled cortical impact injury. Behavioural Brain Research, 224(2), 311-317. doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2011.06.009

Vonder Haar, C., Peterson, T. C., Martens, K. M., & Hoane, M. R. (2016). Vitamins and

nutrients as primary treatments in experimental brain injury: Clinical implications for nutraceutical therapies. Brain Research, 1640, 114-129. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2015.12.030

WholisticMatters. (2019) Understanding Nutritional Support for TBI [Video]. Youtube.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Dl8lhfATgLg

Wu, A., Ying, Z., & Gomez-Pinilla, F. (2004). Dietary omega-3 fatty acids normalize BDNF

levels, reduce oxidative damage, and counteract learning disability after traumatic brain injury in rats. Journal of Neurotrauma, 21(10), 1457-1467. doi:10.1089/neu.2004.21.1457

Wu, A., Ying, Z., & Gomez-Pinilla, F. (2010). Vitamin E protects against oxidative damage and

learning disability after mild traumatic brain injury in rats. Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair, 24(3), 290-298. doi:10.1177/1545968309348318

Young, J. M., & Hoane, M. R. (2018). Magnesium administration after experimental traumatic

brain injury improves decision-making skills. Brain Research Bulletin, 139, 182-189. doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2018.02.019


 

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